Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Original Articles

Evaluation of Protein Expression in Housekeeping Genes across Multiple Tissues in Rats: Hye Jeong Kim, Jong In Na, Byung Woo Min, Joo Young Na, Kyung Hwa Lee, Jae Hyuk Lee, Young Jik Lee, Hyung Seok Kim, Jong Tae Park; Korean J Pathol. 2014;48(3):193-200. Published online June 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2014.48.3.193

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Background

Housekeeping genes, which show constant protein expression patterns between different tissue types, are very important in molecular biological studies as an internal control for protein research.

Methods

The protein expression profiles of seven housekeeping genes (HPRT1, PPIA, GYS1, TBP, YWHAZ, GAPDH and ACTB) in various rat tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, cardiac ventricle and atrium, psoas muscle, femoral muscle, liver, spleen, kidney, and aorta) were analyzed by Western blot and compared by coefficient of variation (CV).

Results

HPRT1 was stably expressed (CV≤10%) in six tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, ventricle, femoral muscle, spleen, and kidney), PPIA was stably expressed in five tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, ventricle, spleen and kidney), YWHAZ was stably expressed in three tissues (cerebrum, cerebellum, and kidney), and GAPDH was stably expressed in four tissues (cerebrum, ventricle, psoas muscle, and kidney). In comparison, GYS1, TBP, and ACTB were found to have CV values over 10% in all tissues. Of the seven genes examined, four (HPRT1, PPIA, YWHAZ, and GAPDH) were found to be stably expressed across multiple organs, with low CV values (≤10%).

Conclusions

These results will provide fundamental information regarding internal controls for protein expression studies and can be used for analysis of postmortem protein degradation patterns in forensic medicine.

Citations

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BioTechniques.2024; 76(3): 104. CrossRef
Sarcolipin relates to fattening, but not sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase uncoupling, in captive migratory gray catbirds
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Identification of differentially expressed genes at different post-natal development stages of longissimus dorsi muscle in Tianzhu white yak
Bingang Shi, Xuehong Shi, Zhi Zuo, Shijie Zhao, Zhidong Zhao, Jiqing Wang, Huitong Zhou, Yuzhu Luo, Jiang Hu, Jon G.H. Hickford
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Eric R. Schuppe, Daniel Tobiansky, Franz Goller, Matthew J. Fuxjager
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The Significance of Ventricular Volume in the Evaluation of Secondary Cardiomyopathy at Autopsy.: Joo Young Na, Byung Woo Min, Yeong Hui Kim, Seung Hyun Chung, Young Jik Lee, Hyung Seok Kim, Jong Tae Park; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(4):336-347.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.4.336

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The weight, shape and consistency of the heart, and the thickness of the ventricular wall are used as parameters for evaluating postmortem heart and diagnosing cardiomyopathy at autopsy.
METHODS
The weight and volume of the ventricles and the thickness of the left ventricular wall of 58 hearts were measured and analyzed.
RESULTS
In the group of dilated hearts, the ventricular weight, ventricular volume, ventricular volume/ventricular weight, and left ventricular volume/right ventricular volume increased, whereas ventricular wall thickness decreased. In the group of hypertrophied hearts, the ventricular weight, ventricular volume, and thickness of the ventricular wall increased but ventricular volume/ventricular weight and left ventricular volume/right ventricular volume did not change significantly. In the group of undetermined hearts, it was later found that four of the cases should have been included in the dilated heart group and another two cases in the hypertrophied heart group.
CONCLUSIONS
In addition to conventional methods, the measuring ventricular volume is useful for evaluating a postmortem heart and may suggest postmortem differential diagnoses of dilated or hypertrophied forms of secondary cardiomyopathies.

Prognostic Value of Phosphorylated Akt and Survivin Expression in Gastric Adenocarcinoma.: Soong Lee, Yun Cheol Kim, Hyeon Min Lee, Ki Sang Lee, Byung Chul Shin, Hyung Seok Kim, Jae Hyuk Lee, Chang Soo Park, Kyung Hwa Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):252-258.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.252

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
pAkt (the phosphorylated form of the proto-oncogene protein c-akt) and survivin (human BIRC5 protein) are candidate apoptosis-related molecules that may be responsible for cancer progression. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of pAkt and survivin in malignant stomach neoplasm, and their value as prognostic indicators of cancer.
METHODS
The expression of pAkt and survivin in 144 cases of gastric cancer was detected by immunohistochemistry and compared with established clinicopathological parameters and prognosis of this disease.
RESULTS
Expression of pAkt showed significant correlations with depth of invasion, lymph node and distant metastasis, as well as the stage (p < 0.05 for all three correlations), but not with the Lauren classification. Survivin expression closely correlated with histological type, Lauren classification, depth of invasion, metastasis, and stage (p < 0.05 for all). The overall survival of patients with pAkt/survivin expression was inferior to that of patients with loss of pAkt/survivin expression. Cox multivariate analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between stage (p = 0.04), survivin expression (p = 0.02), and prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Patients with pAkt/survivin expression in gastric cancer are at increased risk of cancer-related mortality via the apoptosis resistance pathway. Expression of pAkt and survivin could be used as a prognostic indicator for gastric cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Transcriptome analysis reveals GPNMB as a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer
Feifei Ren, Qitai Zhao, Bin Liu, Xiangdong Sun, Youcai Tang, Huang Huang, Lu Mei, Yong Yu, Hui Mo, Haibin Dong, Pengyuan Zheng, Yang Mi
Journal of Cellular Physiology.2020; 235(3): 2738. CrossRef
The Relationship Between Estrogen/Progesterone Receptor and Expression of mTOR/pAkt Proteins and the Analysis of Prognosis in Breast Cancer
Sun Wook Han, Moon Soo Lee, Sung Yong Kim, Gil Ho Kang, Zi Sun Kim, Cheol Wan Lim, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyun Ju Lee, Mee-Hye Oh, Min Hyuk Lee
Journal of Breast Disease.2013; 1(1): 8. CrossRef
Clinicopathological correlations of mTOR and pAkt expression in non-small cell lung cancer
Mee-Hye Oh, Hyun Ju Lee, Seol Bong Yoo, Xianhua Xu, Jae Sung Choi, Yong Hoon Kim, Seok Yeol Lee, Choon-Taek Lee, Sanghoon Jheon, Jin-Haeng Chung
Virchows Archiv.2012; 460(6): 601. CrossRef

Assay of Proliferative Activity, Clonality and Immortality of.: Hyung Seok Kim, Young Jik Lee, Mee Sook Kim, Hyang Mi Ko, Sang Woo Juhng; Korean J Pathol. 1999;33(9):652-661.

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Abstract PDF: Among the precancerous lesions, dysplasia of the uterine cervix and adenoma of the colon have been widely studied in terms of genetic alterations. However, little has been performed regarding phenotypic alterations of the precancerous lesions. We investigated the relationship among cellular proliferation, clonality, immortality and histopathologic grading of the squamous epithelial lesions of the uterine cervix. Proliferation index (PI) was calculated based on the ratio of the epithelial cells positive for proliferating cell nuclear antigen to the total epithelial cells. Clonality was assayed by X-linked HUMARA polymorphism. For immortality assay, PCR-based TRAP (telomeric repeat amplification protocol) was done and telomerase processivity was calculated by comparison with the positive control. PI increased gradually as the lesions advanced from dysplasia to invasive carcinoma. Among informative case, all of the carcinoma in situ showed monoclonal pattern (7 of 7). Among invasive squamous cell carcinoma, 6 cases showed monoclonal pattern and 2 cases polyclonal pattern. TRAP reaction was positive in 92.6% (25 of 27) of dysplasia (high grade: 14 of 15; low grade: 11 of 12), 95.0% (19 of 20) of carcinoma in situ, 100% (9 of 9) of microinvasive carcinoma, and 92.9% (13 of 14) of invasive carcinoma. It was also positive in 12 of 12 samples of chronic cervicitis or squamous metaplasia near the lesions of dysplasia. There was no difference in TRAP positivity among the dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive carcinoma, whereas telomerase processivity showed significant correlation. These results suggest that proliferative activity and telomerase processivity may be progressive events in oncogenesis, although telomerase activation may be an early event.

Expression of Neuron Specific Enolase, Chromogranin, and Synaptophysin in Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors.: Hyung Seok Kim, Jae Ha Hwang, Jong Jae Jung, Min Cheol Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2000;34(8):588-596.

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Abstract PDF: The presence and distribution of pan-neuroendocrine markers such as neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin (CG), and synaptophysin (SYP) were investigated by immunohistochemistry in 15 cases of neuroblastic tumors, including four cases of neuroblastomas, six cases of ganglioneuroblastomas, and five cases of ganglioneuromas. Three cases of normal sympathetic ganglion were used for the normal control group. NSE was observed in all cases and both in ganglion cells and in neuropils. NSE was detected not only in the majority of the neuroblasts showing signs of differentiation, but also in some poorly differentiated neuroblasts. All cases of neuroblastic tumors were positive for CG, however, some variability of staining intensity and distribution patterns were noted. CG was found mainly in differentiated neuroblasts with enlarged cytoplasm and nuclei along the periphery of the perikaria, and was also found in the perinuclear regions of some undifferentiated cells. SYP was positive in 9 of 11 cases. In all of the 9 cases, SYP was detected in some differentiating neuroblasts and differentiated neuroblasts, as well as the mature ganglion cells. However, it has scarcely stained in dot or granular pattern. Two CG-negative tumors were also negative for SYP. Our data indicate that antibodies against NSE and CG are helpful as a diagnostic aid for neuroblastic tumors.

Case Reports

Invasive Lobular Carcinoma of the Breast Associated with Mixed Lobular and Ductal Carcinoma In Situ: A Case Report.: Ji Shin Lee, Hyung Seok Kim, Jong Jae Jung, Young Bog Kim, Dong Sug Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(1):89-91.

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Abstract PDF: Mixed lobular and ductal carcinoma in situ is very rare. We recently experienced a case of invasive lobular carcinoma associated with mixed lobular and ductal carcinoma in situ in a 50-year-old female. The infiltrating portions of lobular carcinoma revealed thread-like strands of tumor cells. Lobular carcinoma in situ with pagetoid spread into the ducts and ductal carcinoma in situ of the predominantly papillary type were also noted in the same mass.

Recurrent Malignant Phyllodes Tumor with Liposarcoma.: Ji Shin Lee, Hyung Seok Kim, Jong Jae Jung, Chong Dug Cho; Korean J Pathol. 2001;35(6):558-560.

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Abstract: Phyllodes tumors are an uncommon mammary tumors composed of benign epithelial elements and cellular, spindle cell stroma. Adipose differentiation is an uncommon stromal alteration in phyllodes tumors. Herein, a case of recurrent phyllodes tumors with liposarcomatous stroma is described. A 30-year-old female presented with a left breast mass. Histologic examination showed a phyllodes tumor with low-grade malignant potential exhibiting a few mitoses and moderate cellularity. It also contained mature adipose tissue as well as a well-differentiated liposarcomatous area. This tumor recurred 43 months later. The recurrent tumor had a higher cellular density and more mitoses than the primary tumor.

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in the Immunocompromised Patients - 3 Cases Report.: Min Keun Shim, Jo Heon Kim, Chang Soo Park, Hyung Seok Kim, Yoo Duk Choi, Min Cheol Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2007;41(5):358-361.

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Abstract PDF: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a demyelinating disease resulting from infection of oligodendrocytes with JC virus. PML was a rare disease, but nowadays not uncommon as AIDS prevailed. Histopathologic features of the affected lesion shows infiltrations of foamy macrophages and hyperchromatic, pleomorphic, reactive astrocytes that may raise the suspicion of a brain tumor. We recently met with 3 cases of PML. Two of the patients had AIDS and the other had been treated for lymphoma. All cases were diagnosed by histopathologic examination in stereotactic brain biopsies.

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